2010年12月25日 星期六

光照耀黑暗-高危一族 (約一1-14)

每年接近聖誕節,政府和傳媒會特別討論不要飲酒後開車、少女要小心「意外」懷孕、不要試食毒品等等。從事教育、醫療和警察界的朋友都會認為聖誕節是高危期。至於農曆新年,政府的呼籲往往只集中在飲酒後開車一事上。為何聖誕節比其他節日更高危?或許,問題應是:聖誕節對甚麼人是高危?

在聖經的時代,耶穌的出生和一生並沒有被當時廣泛接受,以致耶穌死後復活60-70年後,約翰仍舊寫:「光照在黑暗裏,黑暗卻不接受光」(約一5)、「他到自己的地方來,自己的人倒不接待他」(約一11)。當下的處境似乎跟約翰的時代有很大轉變。例如,在共產政權下的中國,聖誕節不但被慶祝,不接受耶穌的也參與慶祝。然而,這兩種對耶穌不同的態度只是同一種態度的兩面,其目的是一樣,即拒絕接受耶穌所代表的上主之光。黑暗最不願意有光,不但因為光指出人的罪,要求人坦誠悔改,更因為光要為那些被黑暗邊緣化的人帶出希望。原來,真正聖誕節的高危一族不是酒鬼、少女和青年,而是使人陷於黑暗種種力量。

在約翰的時代,當權者以暴力的方法禁止人慶祝聖誕節,不是因為他們不接受耶穌是上主的兒子(若是如此,這不需要用暴力對待接受的人),而是因為慶祝聖誕節正揭露他們權力的不合法性。若果聖誕節只是關乎食火雞、飲紅酒和與好朋友相聚,我們想不出一個要禁止慶祝聖誕節的合理原因。反而因為聖誕節提醒我們,上主成為肉身,住在我們中間,拯救我們。每一次慶祝聖誕,我們就肯定上主沒有忘記我們。黑暗權力不是最後,而是自由的光。不是因為物極必反的自然現象,而是上主的光劃破黑暗。那麼,當與坐牢的、貧窮的和被邊緣的一同唱聖誕歌時,我們不但見證著暴力和艱難沒有令我們意志消沉,更肯定我們的救贖不是來自向暴力和艱難屈服。只有對聖誕節有這樣理解,我們手上的紅酒、口中的火雞和袋裡的聖誕禮物等活動才是對光的體驗。

黑暗不一定以暴力姿態出現,因為黑暗知道基督宗教是由殉道者的血建立。因此,黑暗轉向柔性力量。它不但容許我們慶祝聖誕節,甚至更積極帶動我們如何慶祝聖誕節。漸漸地,聖誕節不再與耶穌出生有關,也連不上與上主拯救有關。它成為眾多節日中的一日,一個以消費為主的日子。少女「意外」懷孕和試食毒品不是因為有聖誕節,而是因為聖誕節刻意被掏空其內容的結果。當消費成為對聖誕節主要的解釋時,我們的關注是:那間酒店的自肋餐最抵食,而不是那些人最需要希望;那個旅行團最便宜,而不是那處需要愛與關懷。原來,聖誕節最高危一族不是少女和青年,而是資本主義,因為沒有慶祝聖誕節,後期資本主義所倚賴的消費文化就沒有生存餘地了。此刻,有基督徒呼籲「唔幫襯大地產商的聖誕」運動。運動者說:「信徒在聖誕藉物質表達心意,有如三博士給新生耶穌獻呈禮物,合情合理;我只希望這種物質表達,也能合乎公義。」。

然而,黑暗不只是一種外來的力量,駕馭我們,更是來自我們本身。我們不只是無知地和無辜地被影響和決定,更有份參與成為黑暗一部份。不論積極還是消極,個人層面還是社會層面,我們與黑暗為伍了。在夫妻、親子、同事和教會的關係上,我們都可能經驗不同程度黑暗,也是黑暗的製造者之一。光照耀黑暗,要求我們放手、悔改和尋求幫助,讓我們的生命可以再現光彩,而不是只有埋怨、憂慮與自憐。

當唱聖誕歌曲時,我們不但見證這光,拒絕向黑暗屈服,更願意讓這光照耀我們的生命,讓心中的黑暗消除。

2010年12月19日 星期日

Emmanuel (Mt 1:18-25)

The birth of Jesus means Emmanuel, God is with us. This is supposed very comforting and encouraging. But is this what Joseph had experienced? What is the meaning of Emmanuel? This is my concern today (Matt 1:18-25).

Unlike the Chinese god of fortune (財神), ‘God is with you’ does not imply that people would receive it unreservedly and happily, because to experience God is with you is very risky and costly, and this is the experience of Joseph. When Mary told Joseph what had been happened to her, Joseph found it hard to believe and accept. It was beyond imagination that Mary was carrying the Son of God. Had she had hallucinosis? This was why Joseph wanted to dismiss her. This would be a very painful decision to make if Joseph loved Mary deeply. But nothing had been said on the intimate relationship between Joseph and Mary. Since freedom of love was not the norm at that time, Joseph’s decision to dismiss Mary was more about the matter of righteousness than a matter of the struggle of love. To dismiss Mary quietly was his consideration of Mary’s image. Before implementing his decision, Joseph was told in a dream by an angel of the Lord that Mary’s conception was the work of the Holy Spirit, and the baby would be the savior of the people. The Scripture did not give us details of the possible inner struggle of Joseph, but simply described his reaction calmly and peacefully as that, ‘he did as the angel of the Lord commanded him; he took her as his wife (1:24).’ If the birth of Jesus means Emmanuel, Joseph has a very different experience of ‘God is with us’.

'God is with us’ is not necessarily bringing us peace and fortune. Contrarily, it brings us trouble and embarrassed. This is not because God is a trouble God, but God comes to us in a vulnerable form. This is the experience of Joseph. Even though an angel of the Lord said that the new born baby was Emmanuel, Joseph did not feel peace at all. On the one hand, he was fallen into the struggle of dismissing Mary. On the other hand, he and his family fled to Egypt in order to escape the killing caused by the birth of Jesus. My interpretation has no implication to suggest that it is better not to have God with us. Rather the nature of ‘with’ is not necessarily about fortune. On one occasion, I met a friend who was a psychiatric doctor. He shared with me that he had a serious mentally retarded daughter, but all the members of the family considered her as the most precious. It is hardly to understand his remark, not only because taking care of the serious mentally retarded is exhausted, but also because the carerer would lose much freedom. However, his remark is shared by many families with similar situation. ‘God is with us’ is to retrieve our love and passion for the vulnerable, because God has taken the form of the vulnerable instead of powerful. Are we happy to received such God being with us?

'God is with us’ signifies that God saves us from our sins. However, we are used to understand sin from a personal level, and as a result, God’s salvation has nothing to do with the economic world and political sphere. Sin is always structural. In China, a typical example of the structural sin is the violation of human rights, and therefore, ‘God is with us’ is to protest against the imprisonment of conscientious persons, such as, Liu Xiaobo, the Nobel Peace Prize winner. The most recent one is the arrest of Fan Ah Fung (范亞峰) who is a Christian lawyer defending the right of the people. In Hong Kong, it is the domination of capitalistic ideology. More than 1.2 million of people live in poverty, and they are deprived of the right to live in dignity and freedom. The middle class lose the freedom of life, for they are fully occupied by the mortgage. The ‘us’ of the statement ‘God is with us’ is not simply everyone, but the one who are suppressed and lack of freedom. Thus, God not only announces forgiveness, but also condemns.

However, for many of us, ‘God is with us’ takes the form like the Chinese god of fortune. It may make you feel pleasant but makes nothing concrete impact on your life. It is good to receive such form of ‘God is with us’, but you would not lose anything if you have not received it. It is more a matter of custom than a channel of receiving blessing. I am sorry to say that benediction at the end of worship service sometimes has been turned to something like this, not because the benediction is not God’s blessing, but because we do not believe in it. ‘God is with us’ is God’s promise to us, but also an invitation to receive God in a vulnerable form.

2010年12月15日 星期三

一本不知道甚麼時候和甚麼地方出版的事



雖然授了權出版這書, 但我沒有被通知就出版了, 更談不上封面設計沒有與我商量. 我只是在網上無端端地發現. 雖是如此, 但願這書能為閱讀者帶來安慰.

眼泪并未擦干
作 者:龚立人
出版社:海南出版社
日 期:2010年12月
开 本:1/32 版 次:1次
页 数:200页
装 帧:简装
ISBN :9787544334266


【简体版序】

得知拙作《眼泪并未擦干》可以在国内出版,我的心情仍旧是矛盾。我真的不愿意有人需要阅读这书,但奈何人生仍充满叹息。只愿这书能为你带来安慰和同在。在这简体版里,我加插了一章,名为《安心上路》。适逢今年是内子离世十周年,我以“回忆的追寻”为题写了以下的回忆。

人生到了某个时候,就比较倾向回忆。回忆不是因为将来不属于他(例如,他已赶不上急速步伐或时日无多),而是因为他发现这多年来的生命原来是这样破碎、零乱或遗漏。破碎,是因为人生中实在有很多遗憾和失望。例如,年少时,我曾自豪地对父亲说:“长大后,我会开车接你。”然而,当我懂得开车和有自己一辆车时,他已经不在人间了。零乱,是因为我们每日都被生活拉着走,却没有自己的生活。例如,我们不断要满足工作的要求,也每月努力地为一套答应为我们带来安舒的房子供款,但却忘记了自己的向往和梦想。遗漏,因为人生不可以再来一次,过去的就是过去了,没有补救的可能。纵使过去就是过去,以致人有将来时,但那不可重回的过去使我们对生命中的遗漏只有叹息。

所以,回忆不是怀旧,而是人生的整理。透过重述,希望为零乱的人生找回秩序;透过重覆,希望遗漏的片刻可以填补。因此,每次有机会到官塘,我总会绕月华街和功乐道一圈,因为这是我成长的地方。当中,我可以找回我的故事。同样,我会选择到苏格兰去,因为那里留下我留学的片段。当中,我尝试填补我人生的遗漏。回忆是一种向后的活动,但实际上,回忆又让人生可以向前,即让人生重整后,可以再聚焦。

相对地,年轻人很少对昔日向往,不是因为他们属于将来,而是因为他们没有能力去整理。相反,中年或以上人士多对回忆向往,不是因为他们已装不下新事物,而是因为他们发现人生原来从整理开始。当将回忆放在如此重要的地位时,我们面对至少两个困难。第一,不是一切回忆都会带来解放,因为它也可以是一种负面的吸纳力量。负面,因为昔日跑到当下,并主导当下,使人看不见将来,甚至将来变成昔日的重覆。吸纳不一定因为被昔日的痛苦所困,也可以因昔日的快乐所致,以致流连在昔日中,不愿意回到现在。一位朋友,他的妻子已离世六年了,但到今日,他还要服抗抑郁药。或许,昔日的快乐使他接受不了当下的孤独。他也接受不了人生原来可以很荒谬。时间的熬练让我学会了一件事,就是纵使昔日是曾在,但曾在已是一种存在了,而存在是不能被否定的。又纵使这曾在的存在不可能以当下的存在出现,但因任何存在都是独特的,我们就不需要将它重覆。重覆只会使它失去其独特性。回忆肯定存在,并以其独特性向我存在。

第二,回忆不只是个人的活动,而是双向性的。就此,我想起两个场景。第一个场景,你对我的回忆不等于这也是我对你的回忆。当我认为我对你的回忆是如此宝贵时,但这不一定是你的想法。那么,回忆就可能带来痛苦了。老年痴呆症患者带出第二个场景。一方面,患上老年痴呆症者逐渐发现自己记忆的衰退,而可能感到气馁。事实上,这情境不一定只发生在老年痴呆症者身上。十一岁的女儿在三年前曾写了一封信给已离世六年的母亲:

“妈妈,我已很久没有见你了。我真的很渴望能见你一面,只是一面,不是在相片中见你。我差不多已忘掉你的声音,我也害怕终有一日也忘记你的样貌。”

另一方面,就是如何对待一个对我已没有回忆,但我对他仍充满回忆的人。失去回忆,不能回忆和对回忆没有回应等等都使人陷于痛苦中。此刻,我慢慢体会回忆的重要在于我知道我是属于谁。这是对回忆者来说,对被回忆者也是如此。所以,一个老年痴呆症者没有因失去回忆而失去自己,因为他没有被他所爱的人遗忘。同样,我的回忆使我知道我不是孤独的,因为回忆使我存在。

基督教的上帝就是那位对我们说,他从没有忘记我们,并对我们说,“我所要造的新天新地,怎样在我面前长存,你们的后裔和你们的名字也必照样长存。”(以赛亚书66:22)

龚立人
2009年10月21日

2010年12月14日 星期二

2012東西神學論壇



學期結束後, 就跑到北京參加一年一次全國基督教研究神仙大會. 參加者有個百人, 發表論文有80份. 所以, 每位發表者只有12分鐘. 對一個說普通話不靈光的我也感到講了等如無講. 雖是如此, 但我趁此機會吃吃渴渴. 回港不足六小時, 再到機場, 前往台灣高雄, 帶生命教育學習團. 再忍不住這邊小食.

海報是2012年東西神學論壇. 剛完成一篇論文, 現在又要開工寫另一篇. 做老師不比學生容易.